The next chapel we look at is Salem Welsh Independent Chapel in Heolgerrig.
Photo courtesy of Jane Bevan
In 1838 a group of three men:- Jenkin Prosser, Moses Richards and Thomas Jones began to hold prayer meetings at their homes, and decided that they should start a Sunday School. Within two years the congregation grew to such an extent that they decided to build their own chapel.
Permission was given by Evan Evans, owner of the Six Bells Inn to build on a piece of land behind the Inn for an annual rental of one shilling. The cost of the building was kept to minimum due to materials being donated and labour given free, and as most of the congregation were also members of Bethesda Chapel, the latter chapel also backed the project.
The small chapel, which they called Bethlehem, measured just nine yards long by six yards wide was completed in June 1840 at the cost of just £120. The chapel remained a branch of Bethesda until 1842.
By 1855 the congregation had out-grown the chapel and it was decided to build a new chapel on a more accessible site and Salem Chapel was built to replace it.
Land was acquired between the main road and the factory pond with a ground rent of 10 shillings per annum. Because the land was so narrow, the chapel was built along the road rather than facing it. The new chapel cost £368.8s.7d and the members decided to call it Salem.
The congregation continued to grow, so the chapel was enlarged and re-built in 1872.
Salem became one of the focal points of Heolgerrig until well into the 20th century, and the choir and dramatic society at the chapel were famous throughout the borough, but as we have seen so many times, the congregation began to dwindle in the latter half of the century.
Due to prohibitive costs for the upkeep of the building, the main chapel was demolished in 1990, and the vestry was converted into a smaller chapel. Salem Chapel was one of the only chapels in Merthyr to still conduct its services entirely in the Welsh language until its closure in 2015.
Over the years, Merthyr has been home to over 120 chapels, and they became one of the mainstays of life in the town. Every month I would like to post a history of a different chapel. Let’s start with one of the most famous of Merthyr’s chapels – Bethesda Welsh Independent Chapel.
Bethesda Chapel
In 1807, the minister at Zoar Chapel, Rev Daniel Lewis, embarked on a visit to London and other large towns to solicit gifts of money from sympathetic benefactors to help clear the debts at Zoar Chapel.
Even though this was the custom at the time, some members of the congregation took exception to the trip and to the expenses incurred by the minister, and instigated an investigation into the affair by senior ministers from surrounding areas. When the investigation exonerated Rev Lewis, his accusers, unhappy with the outcome, left to start their own church.
The congregation originally met in an upstairs room of a smithy near the spot where Salem Chapel now stands in Newcastle Street, and called it Philadelphia. After two years larger premises were necessary and the congregation moved to another blacksmith’s forge between Zoar Chapel and the Morlais Brook and called it Beth-haran.
It was while they were at Beth-haran that the congregation extended an invitation to Rev Methusalem Jones to come and preach at their small meeting. He eventually became their minister and the congregation decided to build their own chapel. They obtained a piece of land on a lease from Mr W Morgan, Grawen, for £5 per annum rent. They built the chapel at the start of 1811, and Rev Jones licensed it at Llandaff court on 23 July 1811.
Under the guidance of Methusalem Jones the congregation had grown from 90 to almost 300, thus a larger chapel was needed, and a new chapel was built in 1829 at a cost of £1,002. Whilst under Rev Methusalem Jones’ ministry, Bethesda became mother church to many other chapels including:- Bethania, Dowlais; Saron, Troedyrhiw; Ebenezer, Cefn Coed; Salem, Heolgerrig. Rev Methusalem Jones continued to minister to the congregation at Bethesda until his death on 15 January 1839 at the age of 71.
Following Rev Jones death, Rev Daniel Jones was invited to become Bethesda’s minister in 1840. At the time that Daniel Jones became minister, there was an influx of people coming to Merthyr from Pembrokeshire and Cardiganshire seeking work in the various iron works; as Daniel Jones was known in those counties, a large number of the people coming to Merthyr started going to Bethesda Chapel thus greatly increasing the congregation.
Two years after becoming the minister however, Rev Jones had to have his right arm amputated, but because of the support and kindness he received from the congregation, he made a swift recovery and continued to preach at Bethesda until he left in 1855 to join the Anglican church.
It was at this time that the world famous composer Dr Joseph Parry was a member of Bethesda Chapel. He attended the chapel with his family until he emigrated to America in 1854. Indeed, Dr Parry’s mother, Elizabeth, had been working for Rev Methusalem Jones as a maid in her youth, and moved with him to Merthyr when he became the minister at Bethesda.
Following Daniel Jones departure, Bethesda was without a minister for three years, but the cause continued to flourish, and it was at this time that a number of members of Bethesda started a new cause at Gellideg Chapel.
By the late 1870’s it was decided to build a larger and more comfortable chapel, and on 24 June 1880 the foundation stone was laid by Mrs W T Crawshay, wife of William Crawshay the owner of Cyfarthfa Ironworks. The architect was Mr John Williams of Merthyr and the builder was Mr John Francis Davies of Dowlais. The chapel was completed in 1881 at a cost of £1,200.
Following its closure due to a diminishing congregation in 1976, Bethesda Chapel was used as an arts centre for several years. The building then began to fall into dereliction until it was finally decided to demolish the building in 1995.
The site of Bethesda Chapel has now been landscaped and a mosaic by Oliver Budd based on a painting by the renowned local artist and historian Mr Dewi Bowen has been erected as a memorial to the chapel.
